1b""#$%&Cl Gaela Leaana  GAEILGE1.WRI - :: Documentation file Cl Gaela A Public Domain TrueType Font for Irish language documents under Microsoft Windows 3.1 Pdraig MacCrai Baile a Clia: BEFORE YOU START If you are reading this on screen or on paper, and if some strange symbols appear here and there, even on the title page of this document, it probably means that you have not yet installed the GAEILGE1 font, and so the characters appear in the default font of your document. You'll still be able to read almost everything; but if you want to see them as they should be, go to pages 4 and 5 to see about installing the font and the set of macros which will give you easy access to the characters specific to the GAEILGE1 font. Clr Contents 3 Why this font? 6 FONT DESIGN Other formats of the font AND OPERATION NOTES A right way to write? The font 4 How it will affect your system The character set Using the font in your application 7 The macro set If something goes wrong Writing a macro to produce Installing the font characters 5 Installing the macro 8 Taata - Important 6 Using the font Contact address To uninstall the font 9 List of revisions 10 Table of special (macro) characters Gaeilge 1 - CHARACTER CHART OF THE FONT ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 041 042 043 044 045 046 047 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? 048 049 050 051 052 053 054 055 056 057 058 059 060 061 062 063 @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O 064 065 066 607 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ 080 081 082 083 084 085 086 087 088 089 090 091 092 093 094 095 ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o 096 097 098 099 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~  112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127  128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143   144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 0123456789 !"$%^&*()_+`-={}[]:;@'~#<>,.?/\| STYLES: Normal, Bold, Italic & Bold Italic, SuperSubscript Character sizes and styles available depend on application used. Cl Gaela A TrueType Font for Irish language documents under Microsoft Windows 3.1 Aire - fa leaana 8. Attention - please read page 8. WHY THIS FONT? The Irish language uses only 18 of the 26 letters of the Roman alphabet used in English, However, the five vowels need to be available with the modifier "fada" (long), and nine of the consonants need to be available with the modifier "sii" (English: lenition) - a softening, otherwise indicated by adding the letter h. This gives a total of 32 characters needed, in both upper and lower case; 40 if we include the 8 characters not used in Irish, but which we use in English. We are used to the stroke over vowels to lengthen them. The modified sound of the consonants has traditionally been written either by the addition of the letter h, or by adding a dot above the consonant. Either system can be used in this font. The modified characters are The characters themselves are a type of decorative Uncial design, with similarities to some traditions of Irish script. The font retains all the characters needed for the English language, so you can use the font for JKQVWXYZ too, and also has some characters in its extended set which are used in other languages. You can check these on the Character Map in Windows when you install the font. It was designed using the FontMonger 1.0.7 program. The reasons for it are firstly that I've always liked both the Irish language, and the script I first learned as a child for reading and writing it; and secondly that I hope the font may add an extra attraction (rather than a complication!) to the Irish language, and so promote its use and development. OTHER FORMATS OF THE FONT: The information here only applies to the TrueType as used under Windows 3.1. The font can be converted to other font formats, whose rules should then apply. A RIGHT WAY TO WRITE? Which way is the right way - to use the letter h, or to use a dot? My answer is Both! from the earliest manuscripts in the Irish language to the first printed books in the language, and up to the present day, both have been used, and much debated. Some of the arguments are based on the language itself, and some on other factors like using the same lettering system as other countries, or technical and financial arguments about being easier or cheaper to print. People speak with different accents; so we have different ways of spelling as time goes by and from place to place. My own Christian name comes from the Latin Patricius. In English, it is Patrick. But in Ireland before the coming of the Normans, t was pronounced more softly, more like a d; so we have the name Pdraig. In Munster, where my father was born, the d is pronounced to be heard. In the West of Ireland, the d is usually silent, so we have the spelling Praic. Just as today, Irish people usually pronounce the word mistake as misdake, while most English people pronounce the t as they do in the word take. Many different ways have been used to show this kind of change in the pronunciation of a character. Sometimes, when a medieval (or should it be mediaeval or medival?) scribe wrote the wrong letter in a manuscript, it was not rubbed out. Instead, the way used to correct it was to put a dot over it to show it should not be pronounced! So, in Irish, a dot over f made it silent; over other letters, they are softened. Another way was to add the letter h. It's called a lenition (more lenient). You can find a lot more information about this in two books: The Irish Hand by Timothy O'Neill (Dolmen Press 1984), and Irish Type Design by Dermot McGuinne (Irish Academic Press 1992). According to Dermot McGuinne (page 192), quoting William Britton, h came into general use in this century with the spread of the Linotype machine, which assembled type five times faster than it could be done by hand, and printers were limited in the Gaelic type available. Efficiency took over. However, with the development of computers, those limitations no longer apply. Even an amateur like me can design a font, and almost anyone can use it. HOW IT WILL AFFECT YOUR SYSTEM The installation of the Font will do this: 1 Add the files GAEILGE.REC (about 6506 bytes) to your Windows directory. 2 Add GAEILGE1.TTF (about 53088 bytes) and GAEILGE1.FOT (1320 bytes) to wherever suits how you have chosen to operate with fonts. 3 Add an entry to the [Fonts] section of the WIN.INI file in your Windows directory. USING THE FONT IN YOUR APPLICATION I have only used the font in word processing with AmiPro 3 and Windows Write. I cannot speak for any other application, but I hope it would operate in your word processor just as any other TrueType font. One item which I have not yer come across is a spelling checker for the Irish language! Maybe you could just add everything to the dictionary? IF SOMETHING GOES WRONG No harm whatsoever should be done to your system. See below for instructions if you change your mind and want to uninstall the font. However, people who produce software seem to need to cover themselves against any possible action. Therefore: I disclaim all responsibility for anything that may result, either as a result of your installing or using the font, or as a result of any error or deficiency in these instructions. The Font is offered for you to use at your own risk. See the end of this document. INSTALLING THE FONT You need to be a little familiar with Microsoft Windows 3.1; check the manual. 1. Start Windows. In Program Manager, open Control Panel. 2 From the Control Panel window, choose Fonts. In the dialog box, chose Add..., and you'll get a new dialog box to detect the source of the new font. Make sure the disk with the font is in a disk drive, and open up the list of drives in the Drives box with the arrow. Choose the drive letter for the drive where you put the disk. Depending on the disk you receive, you may immediately see the font(s) listed. If not, in the Directories box, you should see the WINTTF directory - double-click this, and you'll now see the font(s) listed in the Fonts box. 3 If you want to copy the font(s) to your Windows\System directory, just double-click the font you want to install. Then just close the Fonts box & Control Panel. 4 If instead you want to keep your fonts in a different location, before you open Fonts in Control Panel, copy GAEILGE.TTF to whichever directory you use. Then open Control Panel and Fonts; choose Add...; select the location of the font; clear the Copy Fonts to Windows Directory box; and then proceed as above. INSTALLING THE MACRO This will make it easier to use the Font. Copy the file GAEILGE.REC to your Windows directory - you can do this under either DOS or Windows. For example, under DOS, type COPY A:\GAEILGE.REC C:\WINDOWS or, depending on where the file is on the disk you received, COPY A:\WINTTF\GAEILGE.REC C:\WINDOWS where A: is the letter of the drive where you inserted the disk (if not, put in the correct letter), C: is the letter of the hard drive where the Windows is installed, and WINDOWS is the name of the directory containing the Windows files - if not, change these too. This will give you easy access to the modified characters without having to remember or look up a number each time. The macros are set to operate in any Windows application while they are running. If you want them to operate under just one application, open GAEILGE.REC in Recorder, and select all or some of the macros. Then choose Properties from the Macros menu, and make the changes. See Windows Manual for more information. You can run the macro set by hand when you start Windows. Open Recorder and choose Open from the File menu. Double click on GAEILGE.REC. Minimise it before you go to the application in which you want to use the Font. You can make life easier if you set up an icon in one of the groups in Program Manager. Then it will be ready to click when you want to use the GAEILGE font. To do this: 1 Go to Program Manager, open the File menu, and choose New. 2 Accept Program Item and click OK. 3 You'll see a window entitled Program Item Properties. At Description, type in the title you would like to see under the icon - I use "ClGaelach Macro". At Command Line, type in "RECORDER.EXE GAEILGE.REC". Check the Run Minimised box. 4 Click on Change Icon. You'll see the Recorder Icon - you can choose this if you wish, and it will appear with your title; or you can look for another icon. To do this, click on Browse. You'll see a window showing filenames in the current directory which have icons associated. You could, for example, go down the list to MORICONS.DLL or PROGMAN.EXE or WINFILE.EXE, and double click on that. This will show you a scrolling box of icons: double click the one you choose. If you have icons elsewhere, go to that directory or drive. 5 This will bring you back to the Program Item Properties window. Choose OK. The icon you chose, with the title you entered, will appear in the active group in Program Manager. Drag it to whichever group you wish, ready to be activated with a double click anytime. 6 You can automate further by getting Windows to run GAEILGE.REC anytime Windows starts, if you always want it available. Open the StartUp group in Program Manager, and drag the icon into that. As long as you remembered to click the Run Minimised box when you set up the icon, it will simply run in the background, ready to give you the characters you want when you press the right keys. You can still use other fonts as usual; you'll only get strange characters if you use the special Macro key-combinations. 7 To close the Macro set at any time, double-click the Recorder icon at the bottom of the screen to enlarge it, and close it in any of the usual ways. USING THE FONT In your application (Wordprocessor etc.), choose your font in whatever way the program provides. Treat is just as any TrueType font. For vowels with fada, use Ctrl+Alt(+Shift). For consonants with simhi, do the same. As go br leat! TO UNINSTALL THE FONT You can remove the font at any time by opening Fonts in Control Panel. Just select the name of the font(s) you want to remove, and click on the Remove button. You choose whether to delete the Font File from disk, or to keep it so you can reinstall later if you wish to do so. You can delete the macro file simply. From DOS, go to your Windows directory and type DEL GAEILGE.REC (without the quotation marks!) and press Enter. Or from File Manager in Windows, go to the Windows directory, select the file GAEILGE.REC, and press Delete. If you set up an icon for the macro: if GAEILGE.REC is running, double-click the icon and close it; go to whatever group you chose for the icon, highlight it with one click, and press Delete. FONT DESIGN & OPERATION NOTES THE FONT The font is moderately decorative, based on an "uncial" design. It can be used for printing consonants which are modified using an overhead dot, or in the style of the "Cl Rmhnach". In each case, the dot or the letter "h" is used to indicate modification of the sounds of nine of the consonants. So you can write either Gaela or Gaelach. THE CHARACTER SET Characters beyond those directly available from the keyboard are "stored" in the character set at numbers 0128 to 0255, and can be produced by using the Alt key combined with numbers entered on the Numberpad with NumLock on. (You can see these characters in Windows 3.1 by opening Character Map from Program Manager and choosing your font.) However, Windows 3.1 already provides access to vowels with an acute accent from the extended set by using Ctrl +Alt (giving ). If you haven't discovered this yet, just try it in your normal font: while you hold down Ctrl and Alt together, enter any vowel. Then try it again, adding the Shift key. This Gaeilge font keeps to that convention for the modified consonants; the macro set GAEILGE.REC makes them available directly from keyboard via the Ctrl and Alt keys with the normal Shift and regular keys. To provide the modified characters, some of the characters normally available in the extended set have been replaced with new ones. Not all fonts are consistent in the placing of characters in the extended set 0128 - 0255. See the character chart on page 2 to see the positions for this font. As well as the modified characters, there are some you may come across in some printing and writing of Irish: Ctrl+Alt+7: (= &) Ctrl+Alt+Shift+7: (= etc.) Ctrl+Alt(+Shift)+r: () (= r R) Ctrl+Alt(+Shift)+5: (= s S ; Alt adds the modifier.) The reason for the choice of key in the last is to make it easier to remember, by the similarity of shapes: S and 5. We've already used the S key, so we need an alternative. These alternatives for r and s were only used in lower case: ; capitals are also supplied here. THE MACRO SET Modified characters are not available normally with just one keystroke. To gain access to the extra characters without having to remember numbers, you can use the same general principle of shortcut keys as already provided for vowels in Windows 3.1. The set of macros contained in the file GAEILGE.REC which should accompany the font file(s) enables you to use the combination Ctrl+Alt+Shift+letterkey for the upper case consonants BCDFGMPST, and the combination Ctrl+Alt+letterkey (without Shift) for lower case. So we can get: You can't see the effect unless you have installed the Gaeilge Font; if you use the macro set with Times New Roman or Arial fonts, you'll get a range of characters like A cosmetic touch is the combination Ctrl+Alt+1 (the number one) to open quotations with the mark ; and Ctrl+Alt+0 (zero) to close with . In the Times New Roman Font also, these will give and . That's if you want a change from plainer keyboard character " for both opening and closing! You can add other macros to the set yourself - see next section. You'll need to check first of all that the Ctrl and Alt combination used in the GAEILGE.REC macros do not conflict with some essential function built into your application, or with other macros you use as well. If it does conflict, you could simply delete the combination in question from the macro set by opening it in Recorder, or change the properties to set another combination which does not conflict. Open GAEILGE.REC in Recorder, open then File menu, and choose Properties. See Windows Manual. WRITING A MACRO TO PRODUCE CHARACTERS In writing your own macros with Windows Recorder to use characters in the extended set, you may wish to know of a quirk in Windows. If you meet Bill Gates, ask him why! Start Recorder, and assign your shortcut key(s). Then begin to enter the strokes you want to record while the Recorder icon is flashing - for example, Alt+0169 for . It will seem okay until you exit the recording mode and try to use it: nothing will be produced. Recorder will recognise the Alt+Numberpad combination only if you follow it with a regular keyboard character. Now, the extra character would be unwanted; but if you enter a regular character, and then Backspace to delete it while you are recording the macro, and then finish recording, you will get the effect you want. So for macros to produce single characters from the extended set, always enter a regular character after the special character while recording, and then Backspace. Aire - fa an cad leaana eile. Attention - please read the next page. Taata ! Important ! I produced this Font, with the Macro set, for my own use, and I have so far found no problems using them in Windows Write or AmiPro3 under MS-DOS version 6.2 and Microsoft Windows 3.1. However, computer systems and software are in a state of continuous change, so I cannot say that they will work on your computer system or with your software. This applies equally to other font formats derived from the original TrueType font file by using font conversion software. The Font was designed using FontMonger version 1.0.7, produced by Ares Software Corporation, P.O. Box 4667, Foster City, CA94404, USA. One factor to be aware of: each line takes up about 10% more space than Times New Roman: about 9 lines where 10 of Times New Roman will fit. I hope to adjust this. In the meantime, for an approximate match, you can use 11pt. Gaeilge to 12pt. Times New Roman. There is no warranty of any kind attached to the font, either express or implied, whether as to the use or effectiveness of the font, or as to any possible undesirable effect it may have on your computer system or other consequences. You use it at your own risk, and by using the software you agree to this! It is not copyright. Built into the Font is the copyright information that it is in the Public Domain - it may be copied and distributed freely, and no charge should be made except for the cost of copying and distributing; the Font itself is not for sale. If you find it useful, I encourage you to copy and distribute the font and documentation, without making any charge except perhaps for the cost of the media used, plus postage if relevant. If you have suggestions to improve the font, why not let me know? Or if you can develop it further yourself, please do; and if you do, maybe you'd let me know! My name and present address are below. I have mentioned various trade names like Microsoft, Windows, and FontMonger. Any trade names or trade marks used in this documentation are hereby acknowledged; they appear for identification purposes only, and are the property of their respective companies, who are not in any way responsible for the production of this font. I hope they like the free advertising! Bail ia ar an obair! Seola Address: Pdraig MacCrai Padraig McCarthy Ospidal ort na Siln Cherry Orchard Hospital Baile Aa Clia 10, ire. Dublin 10, Ireland. Gun Telephone: I bPoblat na ireann (01) 626 4702 Within Rep. of Ireland n gcoigr +353 1 626 4702 From elsewhere M na Sana 1994 November Revisions: November 1994: Revised: upper case P and G; lower case g and t; ?. Revised alternatives to R, r, S, & s: , , , , , . Addition of optional lower case numerals: use numeral key with Alt: 0123456789 . Table of characters as available with Macro set - see list next page: Even if Caps lock is engaged, lower case character will result; Shift must be used for the upper case characters.) Ctrl+Alt(+Shift)+Consonant gives sii: . Vowels (already available in Windows 3.1) with Ctrl+Alt(+Shift): ) Alternative R r:  : Ctrl+Alt (+Shift)+r. Alternative S s: Ctrl+Shift+5: ; Ctrl+5: ; Ctrl+Alt+Shift+5: ; Ctrl+Alt+5: . Lower case numerals: Use Alt+numeric key: (not numberpad keys). Differentiated quotation marks: Ctrl+Alt+1: ; Ctrl+Alt+0: . (Most normal fonts too.) Longer dash: use Ctrl+Alt+right arrow for ; normal dash is - . (Many alphanumeric fonts too.) GAEILGE.REC MACRO Special characters in Gaeilge 1 Font, using GAEILGE.REC macro. For vowels with fada, as usual for alphanumeric fonts under Windows 3.1, use Ctrl+Alt+letterkey for lower case: ; add shift for upper case: . For these, as for those listed below, the CapsLock key is irrelevant; whether it is on or off, the Shift key must be held for upper case; without Shift, lower case results. The following list maintains that pattern as far as possible; exceptions are marked . Shortcut Keys Description Alt+Code Character Ctrl+Alt+1 Open Quote 0147 Ctrl+Alt+0 Close Quote 0148 Ctrl+Alt+b b aspirated 0229 Ctrl+Alt+c c aspirated 0231 Ctrl+Alt+d d aspirated 0240 Ctrl+Alt+f f aspirated 0234 Ctrl+Alt+g g aspirated 0235 Ctrl+Alt+m m aspirated 0239 Ctrl+Alt+p p aspirated 0244 Ctrl+Alt+s s aspirated 0245 Ctrl+Alt+t t aspirated 0248 Ctrl+Alt+r alternate r 0254 Ctrl+5 alternate s 0251 Ctrl+Alt+5 alternate s aspir 0252 Ctrl+Alt+7 Irish "&" 0253 Ctrl+Alt+Shift+7 Irish "etc" 0221 Ctrl+Alt+Shift+b B aspirated 0197 Ctrl+Alt+Shift+c C aspirated 0199 Ctrl+Alt+Shift+d D aspirated 0208 Ctrl+Alt+Shift+f F aspirated 0202 Ctrl+Alt+Shift+g G aspirated 0203 Ctrl+Alt+Shift+m M aspirated 0207 Ctrl+Alt+Shift+p P aspirated 0212 Ctrl+Alt+Shift+s S aspirated 0213 Ctrl+Alt+Shift+t T aspirated 0216 Ctrl+Alt+Shift+r Alternate R 0222 Ctrl+Shift+5 Alternate S 0219 Ctrl+Alt+Shift+5 Alternate S asp 0220 Ctrl+Alt+Rt.arrow Long dash 0151 Alt+0 Lower case 0 0176 Alt+1 Lower case 1 0177 Alt+2 Lower case 2 0178 Alt+3 Lower case 3 0179 Alt+4 Lower case 4 0180 Alt+5 Lower case 5 0181 Alt+6 Lower case 6 0182 Alt+7 Lower case 7 0184 Alt+8 Lower case 8 0185 Alt+9 Lower case 9 0186 trade names like Microsoft, Windows, and FontMonger. 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